Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that gradually wears down cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited joint movement. It most often affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. OA is the most prevalent form of arthritis in Canada, impacting millions and standing as a leading cause of disability.

Symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

• Joint pain that worsens with activity

• Morning stiffness or stiffness after inactivity

• Swelling due to inflammation or fluid buildup

• Reduced flexibility and movement

• A grinding or crackling sensation in joints (crepitus)

• Tenderness when pressing on the joint

• Muscle weakness around affected joints

• Joint deformities in advanced stages

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, RA often affects multiple joints symmetrically (both sides of the body) and requires a different treatment approach.

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include:

• Painful, swollen joints, especially in the hands, wrists, and feet

• Prolonged morning stiffness lasting an hour or more

• Fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell

• Symmetrical joint involvement

• Rheumatoid nodules (firm lumps beneath the skin)

• Low-grade fever and loss of appetite

• Dry eyes and mouth

• Numbness or tingling from nerve irritation